An investigation of nutrients management on rice was carried out in 2009 and 2010 in Hubei province, covering 1027 rice farmers from main product areas. Fertilization, yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rice at present were revealed and evaluated by comparing the investigation of nutrients management on rice in 2003 and 2004. The survey indicated that chemical fertilizer input showed an upward tendency, nitrogen fertilizers were applied in all rice paddies while organic fertilizer and micronutrient fertilizer were used by only a fraction of farmers. The average application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer were 184.0, 63.8 and 67.4 kg/hm2 respectively, the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was 1:0.35:0.37. The application of nitrogen was excessive while that of potassium fertilizer was deficient. Phosphorus fertilizer application was deficient in late-rice but excessive in mid—rice. The ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizer was unbalanced. Nitrogen fertilizer was mostly applied as basal fertilizer or as basal and tillering fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer deficit or no application was universal. N:p2O5::K2O ratio and base/topdressing ratio were unbalanced. Unreasonable fertilization and improper placement methods caused low fertilizer use efficiency; and the rice yield remained to be further improved. Therefore, the establishment and promotion of optimal nutrient management and technology system was important for improving rice yield and nutrient use efficiency in Hubei.%对2009和2010年湖北省水稻主产县(市)的1 027个农户水稻施肥状况进行了调查,分析了水稻养分施用量、水稻产量和肥料利用率的现状、与2003年湖北省农户水稻施肥状况作了比较,基于现有的文献资料对该省施肥现状进行了评价.结果表明,化肥养分投入量总体上呈增加趋势；所有种植水稻的田块均施用了氮肥,只有极少数农户施用有机肥和微肥.全省水稻氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)平均使用量分别为184.0、63.8和67.4 kg/hm2,N∶P2O5∶K2O的比例为1.00∶0.35∶0.37.水稻氮肥施用量偏高；晚稻施磷肥不足与中稻施磷肥过量的现象较为突出；施钾肥不足的现象很普遍.具体表现为有机肥与无机肥比例严重失衡；氮肥施用量偏高,绝大多数农户将氮肥以基肥或基肥与分蘖肥施入；钾肥施用量普遍不足,有相当多的农户不施用钾肥;氮、磷、钾比例以及基肥追肥比例不协调；同一地区内农户之间肥料施用不平衡;施肥不合理以及施肥方法不当导致肥料利用率较低,水稻单产还有待进一步提高.因此,建立和推广湖北省水稻最佳养分管理技术体系,对实现该地水稻高产和养分高效利用具有重要的意义.
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