氮钾肥施用技术对芝麻养分积累、产量和品质的影响

摘要

研究了氮钾肥用量和施用方法对芝麻养分积累、产量和品质的影响.结果表明,试验条件下,芝麻最高产量施肥量为N 155.8 kg/hm2、K2O 111.4 kg/hm2；氮肥深施和肥料分次施用有利于提高肥料利用率;芝麻粗脂肪含量与粗蛋白质含量存在负相关,施用钾肥芝麻粗蛋白质含量可提高0.61％～2.39％,粗脂肪含量降低0.47％～0.76％,施用氮肥均有提高芝麻粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白质含量的趋势；氮和磷主要存在于芝麻子粒中,钾主要存在于果壳和茎秆中,硼主要存在于茎秆中;在芝麻产量830.8～2 064.1 kg/hm2条件下,芝麻共带走氮35.0～94.2 kg/hm2、磷7.6～19.8 kg/hm2、钾40.9～133.8 kg/hm2、硼57.5～119.5 g/hm2；每生产100 kg芝麻子粒,芝麻共带走氮3.9～5.4 kg、磷0.8～1.1 kg、钾4.1～7.4 kg、硼4.3～6.9 g.%The effects of N and K fertilizer application levels and techniques on nutrient accumulation, yield and quality of sesame were studied. It was indicated that the fertilizer formula for the highest yield was 155.8 kg/hm2 N + 111.4 kg/hm2 K2O. Deep and split application could increase the use efficiency of N fertilizer of sesame. The crude fat and crude protein had negative correlation in sesame, and application of K fertilizer could increase crude protein by 0.61%～ 2.39%; but crude fat was decreased by 0.47%～ 0.76%. Application of N fertilizer could increase the content of crude fat and crude protein. N and P mainly existed in the seeds of sesame, K mainly existed in nutshell and stem, and B mainly existed in stem. When the yield of sesame was 830.8～ 2 064.1 kg/hm2, N, P2O, K2O and B taken out by sesame were 35.0～ 94.2 kg/hm2, 7.6～ 19.8 kg/hm2, 40.9～ 133.8 kg/hm2 and 57.5～ 119.5 g/hm2. When 100 kg seeds of sesame were produced, the amount of N, P2O5, K20 and B taken out by sesame were 3.9～ 5.4 kg, 0.8～ 1.1 kg, 4.1～ 7.4 kg and 4.3～ 6.9 g.