马铃薯套种油菜种植模式的优化

摘要

Plant patterns of interplanting potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) and rapeseed(Brassica campestris L.) were optimized by testing the yield of potato and rapeseed.Results showed that under the conditions of normal sowing of rapeseed (Sowing seed on the 10th of Sept,and transplanting seedlings on the 10th of Oct,or direct seeding on the 25th of Sept),interplanting of rapeseed and potato had no obvious effect on the yield of potato and rapeseed(compared to CK in which rapeseed was plant alone).Under the same planting pattern with the same sowing time,the yield of rapeseed with different planting density differed significantly.The yield of interplanting pattern in which seeds were sown on the 10th of Sept,and transplanting on the 10th of Oct,or interplanting on the 25th of Sept was the highest.Transplanting rapeseed or direct seeding rapeseed at suitable sowing time could both obtain high yield with suitable planting density.Considering yield and economic efficiency,interplanting of direct-seeding rapeseed on the 25th of Sept at the density of 225 000 ind./hm2 could balance the yield of potato and rapeseed and economic efficiency level.%通过设计利用油菜(Brassica campestrisL.)生长前期的有效时间和空间种植一季马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)的产量比较试验,优化马铃薯套种油菜种植模式.结果表明,油菜按照正常的播期(9月10日育苗,10月10日移栽或9月25日直播)套种在马铃薯行间对马铃薯的产量影响较小,油菜产量与对照(单独种植油菜)间差异亦不显著.同一栽培模式、同一播期、不同密度的油菜产量差异达显著水平,以9月10日育苗,10月10日移栽或9月25日直播的套种模式产量最高.根据不同播期配套相应密度栽培油菜时,直播与育苗移栽两种种植方式都能够达到同一产量水平.综合考虑产量与经济效益,各种植模式中以9月25日种直播油菜、留苗密度225 000株/hm2的栽培条件下能够兼顾油菜、马铃薯产量及经济效益水平.