Based on the shift-share method,agricultural industrial structure and competition ability were researched for 18 cities in Henan province from 2005 to 2010.The results showed that the regional shift-share of each city in Henan varied much,and competition ability shift-share also obviously differentiated; within the agricultural industry,the structure of planting had obvious advantages,but less competitive; although services for agriculture had some competitive advantages,but the industrial structure was not reasonable; industrial structure of forestry and animal husbandry was not reasonable; fisheries structure was reasonable,but not so strong.The competition ability of planting in Xinyang was the strongest,the most competitive forestry was in Luoyang,the best competition ability of animal husbandry and services for agriculture was in Zhumadian,and the most competitive fisheries was in ShangQiu.Lastly,some related strategic adjustment policies were proposed accordingly.%运用偏离-份额分析法,对河南省各地市2005-2010年间农业各产业的结构和竞争力进行研究.结果表明,河南省各地市的区域偏离分量变动幅度较大,竞争力偏离分量也呈现出明显的分化；在农业产业内部,种植业结构优势明显,但竞争力不强;农林牧渔服务业虽有一定的竞争优势,但产业结构不尽合理;而林、牧业结构不够合理；渔业结构合理,但竞争力不强.种植业竞争力最强的是信阳市,林业竞争力最强的是洛阳市,牧业、农业服务业竞争力最强的是驻马店市,渔业竞争力最强的是商丘市.最后提出了河南省农业产业结构调整的相关政策建议.
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