唐山市工矿区主要园林植物滞尘能力的初步研究

摘要

The dust retention effects of common landscape plants in industrial mining areas of Tangshan city were researched by sampling investigation and laboratory analysis. The dust retention ability of landscape plants for different plant species and different regions was analyzed, saturated amount of dust retention for different test plants by landscape plants in industrial mining areas of Tangshan city were estimated. The results showed that, in the same region, there was an obvious difference on dust retention ability in different plant species, and there was different dust retention ability with the same species in different regions. The dust retention ability of tree species in different types had bigger difference and they were: defoliate trees>shrubs>grass. In coniferous arbor trees, the dust retention ability of Pinus bungeana and Pinus tabulaeformis was higher. In latifoliate arbor trees, the dust retention ability of Magnolia denudata and Platanus acerifolia was higher. In shrub trees, the dust retention ability of Hibiscus syriacus ,Lonicera maackii and Sabina procumbens was higher. In grass, the dust retention ability of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Hemerocallis fulva was higher. The dust retention ability of the same trees pecies in different locations showed significant difference,indicatied that dust retention ability of trees is not only related to tree pecies,but also to the environment quality. It could be concluded that the effective way to improve the dust-retention effect of garden green space was to choose plants with strong dust-retention ability,strengthen the maintenance and management, and to dispose the arbor, shrub and herb layer rationally to increase vegetation quantity.%通过采样调查和实验室分析,对唐山市工矿区常见园林植物的滞尘能力进行了比较研究,探讨了唐山市不同植物类型、不同区域园林植物单位叶面积滞尘量的异同.结果表明,同一区域不同树种的单位面积滞尘量存在较大差异,不同区域同一类型树种的滞尘能力也存在较大差异,从大到小为灌木、乔木、草本植物.针叶乔木中以白皮松(Pinus bungeana)和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)的滞尘能力较强;阔叶乔木中以玉兰(Magnolia denudata)和悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)的滞尘能力较强;灌木中以木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)、金银木(Lonicera maackii)和铺地柏(Sabina procumbens)等的滞尘能力较强;草本植物中以地被菊(Chrys anthemum morifolium)和萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)的滞尘能力较强.同一植物的滞尘能力在不同地点表现出明显差异,说明园林植物的滞尘能力不仅与植物品种有关,还与生境有关.因此,选择滞尘能力强的园林植物,精细养护,合理配置不同生活型的园林植物,是充分发挥园林绿地滞尘效应的有效方法.