不同栽培模式对木薯生理特性、产量和经济效益的影响

摘要

Taking cassava varieties, Huanan 205 and Xinxuan 048,as materials,three cultivation patterns that conventional cultivation (control),cultivation for high yielding and high efficiency (B),cultivation for super high yielding and high efficien-cy of cassava varieties (A) were set,and the effects of physiological characteristics,economic benefit and yield caused by dif-ferent cultivation patterns were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the difference of photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, leaf area under different cultivation patterns were obvious in the seedling stage,the order of these indexes from large to small were A,B,control,and the photosynthetic characters for A was significantly higher than control. In the different growth periods,the order of stem diameter and plant height from high to low were A,B,control. The yield in three cultivation patterns were significant differences,compared to control,the average yield of cassava cultivars Huanan 205 and Xinxuan 048 in past two years (2013 and 2014) under A and B increased by 18.6%, 10.5% and 15.8%,7.7%, the income per hectare increased by 6378 yuan,2810 yuan and 7366 yuan,3018 yuan,respective-ly. In clued, the yield and economic benefit of cassava could be increased significantly by optimizing cultivation technology.%选取木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)品种华南205与新选048为试验材料,比较分析了超高产高效栽培、高产高效栽培与常规栽培(CK)3种栽培模式对木薯生理特性、产量及经济效益的影响.结果表明,木薯不同栽培模式苗期光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、叶面积之间差异较为明显,由大到小依次为超高产高效栽培模式、高产高效栽培模式、常规栽培模式,且超高产高效栽培模式苗期光合特性显著高于对照;不同生育期木薯茎粗、株高由大到小依次均为超高产高效栽培、高产高效栽培、对照常规栽培;2个品种3种栽培模式间产量差异均达显著水平,与对照常规栽培模式相比,华南205和新选048两年(2013年与2014年)的平均产量在超高产高效栽培模式和高产高效栽培模式下分别增产18.6%、10.5%和15.8%、7.7%,分别增收6378、2810元/hm2和7366、3018元/hm2.由此可知,通过栽培技术的集成优化可以大幅度提高木薯产量和经济效益.