不同植保机械施药对水稻病虫防治效果的研究

摘要

对自走式喷杆喷雾机﹑多旋翼植保飞行器﹑背负式机动弥雾机3种不同植保机械施药的作业效果及水稻病虫防治效果进行比较.结果表明,自走式喷杆喷雾机与植保飞行器工效远高于背负式机动弥雾机,是背负式机动弥雾机的6.7~10.0倍.且自走式喷杆喷雾机用工成本较低,每公顷24元,植保飞行器用工成本每公顷36元,是背负式机动弥雾机的1/5~1/3.多旋翼植保机飞行器喷药速度比自走式喷杆喷雾机快,但电池充电耗时较长.自走式喷杆喷雾机喷幅宽,喷雾均匀﹑用水量足,与多旋翼植保飞行器均适用于大面积推广,值得应用.多旋翼植保飞行器对水稻病害的防治效果较差,其用水量与病害控制效果有一定的关系,建议加大用水量或添加沉降剂使用.%The effect of homework, control effect of rice diseases and pests were compared, which were three different ma-chinery spraying pesticide the self-propelled spray boom sprayer, multi-rotors aircraft, motorized knapsack mist sprayer. The results showed that the self-propelled spray boom sprayer and multi-rotors aircraft work efficiency were much higher than mo-torized knapsack mist sprayer, which was 6.7 to 10.0 times of motorized knapsack mist sprayer. And low labor costs, the self-propelled spray boom sprayer labor costs was only 24 yuan per hectare. The multi-rotors aircraft labor costs was 36 yuan per hectare, which was 1/5~1/3 of motorized knapsack mist sprayer. The multi-rotors aircraft spraying speed was faster than the self-propelled spray boom sprayer, but battery charging time was longger. The self-propelled spray boom sprayer had the advantage of spraying range wide, spray evenly and plenty of water. The self-propelled spray boom sprayer and the multi-ro-tors aircraft are suitable for large area promotion and worthy of application. The control effect of the multi-rotors aircraft to rice disease is poorer, which might have a certain relationship with the water consumption. When the multi-rotors aircraft sprays pesticide should be used more water or join the settling agent.