2013年底，埃博拉出血热再次出现在西非大陆，随后以燎原之势在西非的几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂等主要国家蔓延，截至2014年1月14日，几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂三国病例总数已达21261例，其中已确诊病例为13427例，死病例达8414例，病死率高达62．66％；虽然不及历史上90％以上的病死率，但本次疫情传播范围之广，传播速度之快，感染及死亡人数之多却是历史之最。虽然我国还无发现埃博拉疫情，但是加强预防与医院感染管理意义重大。本文概述埃博拉病毒感染的病原学、流行病学与临床表现特征，分析埃博拉病毒医院感染的危险因素，提出加强病例追踪及管理、严格疫情报告、加强健康宣教、预防医院感染等方面的措施，以期为制定埃博拉出血热防控措施提供依据。%In the end of 2013, Ebola hemorrhagic fever were occurred in West Africa again , then spread to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and other major countries in West Africa .Up to January 14, 2014, the total in-fectious patients in the Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone have reached 21,261 cases, of which 13,427 cases were confirmed, and 8414 cases died.The mortality rate was 62.66% in this time, although that was less than the histo-ry mortality rate, more than 90%, but the spread speed, the epidemic range, the infection and the death toll were great.At present, although China has not discovered the Ebola outbreak , but it was significant to strengthen the prevention and management of hospital infection .In this paper, an overview of Ebola virus infection was provided in the etiology, epidemiology and clinical features , the Ebola virus nosocomial infection risk factors , finally the methods were proposed to prevent hospital infection as following : strengthen the case tracking and management , strict epidemic reporting, strengthen health education measures and other aspects , thus to provide a basis for Ebola hemorrhagic fever prevention and control .
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