Nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels (NCAs) were synthesized from melamine, resorcinol and formaldehyde by sol-gel, supercritical drying and high-temperature carbonization process. The structure properties and function of the NCAs were characterized by means of XPS, SEM and nitrogen adsorption, showing that the nitrogen was successfully doped into carbon aerogels. Meanwhile, the N-doping content and the microstructures of the NCAs distinctly depend on the amount of melamine. Besides, the electrochemical performances of the NCAs were tested by galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry in 6 mol/L KOH solution, and the results indicate that their electrochemical performances are greatly improved after N-doping with the highest specific capacitance reaching 176 F·g-1.%以三聚氰胺(M)、间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为原料,经溶胶-凝胶法、超临界干燥和高温碳化制备了系列的氮掺杂碳气凝胶(NCAs).X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,氮元素成功地引入到碳气凝胶中,并且可以通过调节三聚氰胺掺杂量来控制氮掺杂量；扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和N2吸附测试显示出不同氮掺杂量的碳气凝胶的微观结构差异较大,随着氮含量的增加,比表面积有先减后增的趋势；在6 mol/L KOH溶液中进行的恒流充放电和循环伏安测试表明,引入氮元素能够极大地改善碳气凝胶的电化学性能,最高比电容量达176 F·g-1,并且凝胶具有良好的电容特性和可逆性.
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