空间环境诱发玉米细胞质雄性不育突变体的遗传分析

摘要

从返回式卫星"实践八号"搭载的08-641和18-599两份玉米自交系后代选育出3份雄性不育突变体,在不同地点、不同年份、不同季节进行种植观察,鉴定其育性表现,通过测交、反交及回交对不育性状的遗传特性进行分析.结果表明:3份不育突变材料均能稳定遗传,属可遗传的细胞质雄性不育类型.恢保关系测定和特异引物PCR扩增结果显示,3份不育材料均属玉米C型细胞质雄性不育类型,但3份不育材料在恢保关系上存在一定差异,推测它们可能分别属于玉米C型细胞质雄性不育的不同亚组.这些不育材料的发现,丰富了雄性不育胞质的遗传基础,在玉米不育化制种中具有一定应用价值.%Three maize male sterile mutants were obtained from the offsprings of two maize inbred lines 18-599 and 08-641, which were carried into space by the Shijian 8 Satellite.The stability of male sterile expression was observed in different locations, years, and seasons.In order to analyze the genetic characteristic of male sterility, testcross, backcross and reciprocal cross were made with these male stenle plants.The results showed that the male sterility character was stable in different locations, years.and seasons.and the sterility was inheritable.Because the maintainer lines and restorer lines for these sterile materials were found, and there was no male sterile plant separated among the reciprocal cross F2.Thus, we concluded that these mutants could be cytoplasmic male sterile.Combining the resuks of male fertility restoration test and PCR analysis, we could conclude that the three male sterile mutants were classified into the CMS-C type in maize.Owing to their difference in fertility restoration, these mutants may belong to different subgroups of CMS-C type.The discovery of the three male sterile mutants increased the genetic diversity of CMS-C type, improved the tolerartce to Bipotaris maydis,and laid a foundation for extensive application of CMS-C in seeds production.