2005年5月15日、16日,河南天安煤业四矿矸石山先后发生两次自燃爆炸灾害,造成8人遇难,122人受伤,造成生命财产的重大损失.首先介绍了天安煤业四矿煤矸石的物质组成,分析了其致灾原因:高含硫煤矸石的存在是引起煤矸石山自燃的决定因素;煤矸石的堆积方式以及有效的粒径组成在一定程度上决定了煤矸石的透气性,是引起煤矸石山自燃的促进条件;突发降雨应是本次灾害的主要导火索.在燃料含量一定,清除比较困难,燃烧已开始并还在不断堆积矸石的情况下,降温和隔氧显得尤为重要.针对本矸石山的实际情况,提出了采用注浆法为主,辅以高温区域表面喷射浆液、挖掘沟槽、表面覆盖等灭火方法,并对以后矸石山自燃免灾方向进行了展望大.%The spontaneous combustion and explosion of waste dump happened two times successively at the No.4 Mine of Tianan Coal Mine Group on May 15 and 16,2005,which led 8 died,122 injured and heavy losses of life and property.This article introduces firstly the physical makeup of coal gangue here and analyzes its reasons resulting in hazards:the existence of coal gangue bearing rich sulphur is the conclusive factor that causes the spontaneous combustion,the dump mode of coal gangue and the effective particle-size makeup decide the air permeability of coal gangue to a certain extent,which accelerates the spontaneous combustion;the sudden rainfall is the main fuse.When the content is definite,it is difficult to clear away and the combustion has already began and the dump of coal gangue has been continued,more attention should be paid to the cooling and oxygen isolation.In view of the coal gangue here,this article provides some methods that takes mainly grouting and subsidiarily sprays the slurry onto high-temperature surface as well as digging ditches and gurface eoverage.Besides,it predicts the future of the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue keeping from hazards.
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