河南宝天曼自然保护区野生灌木观赏植物资源多样性研究

摘要

采用样线、样带、固定观测样地及特殊生境调查相结合的方法,对宝天曼自然保护区野生观赏灌木的种类组成、垂直分布、植物区系成分和观赏特性进行了研究.结果表明,保护区内野生观赏灌木共有25科51属204种,蔷薇科、忍冬科和豆科是观赏灌木的优势科;蔷薇属、忍冬属、胡枝子属、绣线菊属等为优势属.在海拔分布上,以海拔800m以下的灌木种类最多,随着海拔的上升,野生观赏灌木的种类不断下降;自然保护区野生观赏灌木共有14个分布区类型及变型,其中北温带分布的类型最多,所含灌木种类占整个保护区野生观赏灌木总数的50％.根据野生灌木的观赏特点,把野生灌木划分为观花类、观叶类等5种类型,其中观花类灌木占据优势,种类占整个保护区观赏灌木的54.9％,观叶类(8.82％)、观干类(8.33％)、观果类(14.22％)、观姿类(13.73％),也占有一定的比例,表明宝天曼野生观赏灌木资源丰富,具有较高的开发潜力.%The species composition,vertical distribution,floristic composition and ornamental characteristics of wild ornamental shrubs in Baotianman Nature Reserve are studied by the survey of sampling line,transect,fixed observation plot and special habitat.The results show that there are 204 species,51 genera,25 families in the reserve.Rosaceae,Caprifoliaceae and Leguminosae are the dominant families of ornamental shrubs.Rosa L,Lonicera Linn,Lespedzea Michx,and Spiraea are the dominant genera.In the distribution of altitude,the number of shrubs below the altitude of 800 m is the largest.With the ascent of altitude,the species of wild ornamental shrubs decrease continuously.There are 14 distribution types and variants of wild ornamental shrubs.The distribution of the northern temperate zone types is the largest,with the shrub species accounting for 50％ of the total of wild ornamental shrubs.According to the ornamental characteristics of wild shrubs,they are divided into five types,such as flowering plants,foliage plants and so on.Among them,the flowering plants are dominant,accounting for 54.9％ of all the ornamental shrubs,and foliage plants (8.82％),dried plants (8.33％),plants with ornamental fruits (14.22％),plants with elegant posture (13.73％) also occupy a certain proportion,indicating that Baotianman Nature Reserve is rich in wild ornamental shrubs with high developmental potential.