冀南地区农户实施农业标准化行为的现状与思考

摘要

Implementing agricultural standardization has the vital significance for improving the agricultural mar-ketization level, advancing agricultural scale operation, improving efficiency of land utilization and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Through summarizing the main achievements of agricultural standardization construction in Hebei province south region,mainly as promoting the development of rural economy,increasing farmers＇ income and agricultural benefit through the construction of the standardization demonstration area, establishing the rural basic-level organizations, normalizing management and standard formulation, harmo- nizing development of science and technology services and farmers＇ specialized cooperatives, as well as farmers＇ participating in and making a profit,the main problems of south Hebei farmers＇ behaviors in the implementa- tion of agricultural standardization were analyzed,such as lower farmers＇ quality, backward cultivating mode, traditional management idea, making the standardized production difficult to realize. Prominent contradictions between dispersion management of household contract responsibility system and investment benefit maximiza- tion,making the standardized production difficult to implement. The insufficient propaganda dynamics and the lower training effect block all kinds of standard implementation and standardization technology promotion. The unstable relationship between company （enterprise） and farmers＇ also reduced the effectiveness of the stand- ardization implementation. Some solutions were proposed based on the above problems,such as propagandizing agricultural standardization widely,improving farmers ~ qualities, cultivating main body, building brands of agri- cultural products, perfecting propagating team,strengthening training of farmers,enhancing cooperation and achieving a win-win situation,thus promoting the implementation of agricultural standardization.%实施农业标准化，对于提高农业的市场化水平，推进农业的规模化经营，提高土地利用效率，促进农业可持续发展具有重要的意义。在实施农业标准化过程中，农户行为起着重要作用。通过总结冀南地区农业标准化建设取得的主要成就，即以示范区建设促进农村经济发展、带动农民增收、农业增效；建立基层组织，规范管理与标准制定；科技服务与专业合作组织协调互动，农民参与并获利。剖析了冀南地区农户实施农业标准化行为存在的主要问题，即较低的农民素质，落后的种植模式，传统的经营理念，使标准化生产难以顺利实现；农村联产承包责任制的分散经营与投资利益最大化之间矛盾凸显，阻碍了标准化的实施；较小的宣传力度，较低的培训效果阻碍了各级各类标准的实行和标准化技术的推广；公司（企业）与农户关系的波动降低了标准化实施的成效。提出了广泛宣传，提高素质；培育主体，打造品牌；健全队伍，强化培训和加强合作，实现共赢的对策研究，从而促进农业标准化的实施。