不同心理特质对生物反馈作用效果的影响

摘要

Objective To study the influences of different psychological traits on biofeedback, and investigate the potential mechanisms about neurofeedback. Methods The psychological traits of 30 healthy college students were tested by Student Life Stress Inventory (SLSI group), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90 group), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS group), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS group). Then the four groups were further divided into high score subgroup and low score subgroup according to the mean value of each test scale:SLSI (12:18), SCL-90 (15:15), SDS (12:18), SAS (16:14). The cross-approximate entropy (Cross-ApEn) of electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram (EEG-ECG) in the whole brain was compared between the subgroups in each group. Results The Cross-ApEn of EEG-ECG in the whole brain in SLSI high score subgroup was significantly higher than that in SLSI low score subgroup (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between high score subgroup and low score subgroup measured by SCL-90, SDS and SAS (P>0.05). Conclusion The psychological traits measured by SLSI can enhance the regulating effect of biofeedback, however the psychological traits measured by SCL-90, SDS and SAS have few influences on bio-feedback. Biofeedback may function by means of improving Cross-ApEn of EEG-ECG, weakening brain's controlling level to cardiac vascular system and relieving the adverse effects of stress.%目的 研究不同心理特质对生物反馈作用效果的影响,探讨生物反馈发挥作用的潜在机制.方法 分别采用心理量表学生生活应激问卷(SLSI)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评价30名健康大学生志愿者的心理特质,总共分为四个组(每组均包含同样的30名受试者).每个组内以量表得分的平均值作为分类标准,分为高分亚组和低分亚组,各个组内的人数比为:SLS (12:18)、SCL-90 (15:15)、SDS (12:18)、SAS (16:14),分别对比亚组之间生物反馈后16个脑区的脑电心电互近似熵(Cross-ApEn)差别.结果 以SLSI分组的两亚组之间,高分亚组的全脑所有脑区的脑电心电Cross-ApEn均高于低分亚组,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).以SCL-90、SDS和SAS分组,高、低分亚组间各个脑区的脑电心电Cross-ApEn比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 针对SLSI测定的各种心理应激,其可以影响生物反馈的效果.而SCL-90、SDS和SAS所体现的心理特质对生物反馈影响不大.生物反馈可能通过提高脑电心电间的Cross-ApEn,减弱大脑对心血管系统的非线性控制,减轻心理应激因素对生理指标的干扰.