贵州耕地耕层土壤养分状况评价

摘要

The content of organic matter,total N,available N,available p,rapidly available K,slowly available K and pH of 0.3958 million samples from surface soils of cultivated land in Guizhou during 2005~2012 were analyzed by using Excelland Spss statistic software according to the nutrient grading standard of second soil general survey to make fertilization schedule scientifically, utilize fertilizer resources rationally and improve utilization rate of cultivated land and fertilizer in Guizhou.The results showed that the average content of organic matter,total N,available N,available p,rapidly available K and slowly available K of surface soil of cultivated land was 35.52 g/kg,1.97 g/kg,158.65 mg/kg,16.95 mg/kg,139.65 mg/kg and 271.23 mg/kg separately.The organic matter content of 30.78% soil samples was in very abundant grade.The total nitrogen content of 30.44% soil samples was in the optimum grade. The available nitrogen content of 35.17% and 31.13% soil samples was in the suitable grade and optimum grade separately.The available P of 34.51% soil samples and rapidly available K of 30.48% soil samples both were in the suitable grade.The slowly available K content of 26.86% soil samples and 25.26% soil samples was in the very deficiency grade and very abundant grade respectively. The corresponding fertilization suggestions for main food crops are put forward according to grading distribution status of soil nutrient content in different cities (prefectures),Guizhou.%为科学制定施肥方案、合理配置肥料资源，提高耕地与肥料的利用效益，运用 excel 和 spss 等统计软件，采用传统的统计学方法，参照贵州第二次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准，对2005-2012年贵州省9个市（州）实施测土配方施肥项目采集的39．58万个耕地耕层土壤样品的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾、pH 测试数据进行评价。结果表明，全省耕地耕层土壤有机质平均含量为35．52 g/kg，氮1．97 g/kg、碱解氮158．65 mg/kg、有效磷16．95 mg/kg、速效钾139．65 mg/kg、缓效钾271．23 mg/kg。其中，有机质主要集中分布在极丰富等级，比例为30．78％；全氮主要集中在最适宜等级，比例为30．44％；碱解氮主要集中在适宜和最适宜等级，比例分布为35．17％和31．13％；有效磷和速效钾均集中在适宜等级，比例为分别34．51％和30．48％；缓效钾则主要集中在极缺乏等级和极丰富等级，样本比例分别为26．86％和25．26％。结合各市（州）土壤养分含量等级分布状况，针对贵州主要粮食作物提出了相应的施肥建议。