可降解地膜覆盖对青海高海拔地区蚕豆生长的影响

摘要

The effects of two degradable films (bast fibre film and liquid film),common plastic film and open field's cultivation on moisture,temperature and nutrients of soil and growth of faba bean were studied by a field contrast test to provide the theoretical and practice basis for popularization of degradable films.There are no obvious difference in effects on moisture and temperature of soil and growth of faba bean between degradable films and common plastic film,and their soil moisture,temperature of surface soil and undergound soil,the available N,available P,available K and organic matter content and leaf chlorophyll content all are higher than CK significantly.Two degradable films both can increase emergence rate,height,effective branches and pods per plant,and their yield is 21.65% higher than CK.Liquid film has the significant effect on growth of faba bean at early stage but the effect of liquid film on growth of faba bean is no difference with CK during growth process because of rapid degradation of liquid film influenced by environment factors.In conclusion,degradable bast fiber film can be used in agriculture production in replace of common plastic film because degradable bast fiber film and common plastic film both have the same significant effects on soil moisture,temperature and nutrients of soil and growth of faba bean.%为给可降解地膜材料的推广提供理论和实践依据，采用田间对比试验比较了2种可降解地膜（麻地膜、液态膜）、普通塑料地膜和露地栽培对土壤水分、温度、养分的效应及对蚕豆生长的影响。结果表明，可降解麻地膜对土壤水分、温度和蚕豆生长的影响与普通塑料地膜相当，均使0～20 cm 土壤水分含量、地表及地下5 cm、10 cm 土壤温度、碱解 N、速效 P 和速效 K、有机质、叶绿素含量等明显高于露地对照（p ＜0．05），使蚕豆出苗率提高，生育进程加快，株高、有效枝和单株荚数增加，产量比对照提高21．65％；液态地膜在蚕豆生长前期地膜效应显著，随着生育进程的推进受到环境影响较大，降解加快，保温、保水效果差，与露地对照无显著差异。结论：麻地膜与普通塑料地膜在土壤保水、保温、养分增加及对蚕豆生长的影响方面均具有显著效果，且相互间没有明显差异，降解麻地膜可以替代普通塑料地膜应用于农业生产。