塔里木河流域胜利水库池沼公鱼的生物学特性

摘要

83 H .olidus samples collected from Shengli reservoir of Tarim river basin were analyzed by traditional biology and histological anatomy during 2012 - 2013 to study biological characteristics of H . olidus and to understand the invasion mechanism of alien species and ecological safety in Tarim river basin. The results showed that male H .olidus with thin body feeds on fish eggs and plankton mainly and its feeding intensity varies with seasonal variation.The ratio between female and male H .olidus is 1∶0.69. There are significant differences in fullness index and relation between body length and body weight between individuals of female and male H . olidus. Male H . olidus with well adaptability and specialization feeding habits results in fish fauna variation and decrease of local fish resources,which influences population dynamics balance of other fish and fishery ecological balance in reservoirs of Tarim river basin seriously.%为了解塔里木河流域外来物种的入侵机制和生态安全，于2012—2013年在塔里木河流域胜利水库采集83尾池沼公鱼，运用传统生物学和组织解剖学方法，对池沼公鱼的生物学特性进行测定分析。结果表明：胜利水库池沼公鱼主要以鱼卵和浮游生物为食，摄食强度随季节变化，异速生长，机体偏瘦，雌雄比为1∶0．69，丰满度指数、体长与体重关系式雌雄个体差异显著。池沼公鱼适应性强，食性的特殊化使得塔里木河流域鱼类区系变化大，土著鱼类资源减少，严重影响了塔里木河流域水库其他鱼类的种群动态和渔业生态平衡。