六盘水工业区表层土壤的重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

摘要

In order to investigate contamination status of heavy metals in the surface soils (0~10cm) of the main industrial areas in Liupanshui City,The Muller accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate pollution situation of Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,Co,Zn,Mn,V and Ti in the main industrial areas.The results showed that the average contents of Pb,Zn,Cu,Mn,V,Cr,Ti,Co and Ni were 360.4 mg/kg,364.9 mg/kg,115.7 mg/kg,1758 mg/kg,302.0 mg/kg,207.1 mg/kg,10653 mg/kg,31.9 mg/kg and 45.9 mg/kg respectively.Nine kinds of the heavy metal contents in the surface soils of the main?industrial areas were 1.17~10.24 times higher than the background values of soils in Guizhou.The assessment results of the Muller geo-accumulation index of heavy metal pollution indicated that the pollution degree of single element showed the order of Pb>Zn>Cu>Mn>V>Cr>Ti>Co>Ni. Pb was moderate ! heavy pollution,Zn and Cu were moderate pollution intensity,Cr,Co,Ti,Mn and V were slightly polluted,Ni was not polluted basically.Nine kinds of ecological risk factor of heavy metals showed the order of Pb>Cu>Ni>Co>V>Cr>Zn>Mn>Ti,ecological risk factor of Pb was the greatest harmful,ecological risk factor value was 51.20;The comprehensive pollution index(Cd)value of each sample was between 12.35 and 71.88,the average value was 27.96.The whole industrial areas of surface soil were seriously contaminated by heavy metal.%为探明六盘水市主要工业区表层（0～10 cm）土壤的重金属污染状况，采用 Muller地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法，对其主要工业区的土壤重金属Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Zn、Mn、V和 Ti的污染状况及潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：重金属 Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、V、Cr、Ti、Co 和 Ni 平均含量分别为360．4 mg/kg、364．9 mg/kg、115．7 mg/kg、1758 mg/kg、302．0 mg/kg、207．1 mg/kg、10653 mg/kg、31．9 mg/kg和45．9 mg/kg。9种重金属元素含量平均值均高于土壤背景值，为土壤背景值的1．17～10．24倍。9种重金属元素的污染程度依次为Pb＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn＞V＞Cr＞Ti＞Co＞Ni，Pb为中度-重污染程度， Zn和Cu属中度污染强度，Cr、Co、Ti、Mn和V属于轻微污染，Ni属于基本无污染。9种重金属元素的生态危害依次为Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Co＞V＞Cr＞Zn＞Mn＞Ti，Pb的生态危害最大，生态风险参数值达51．20；各采样点综合污染指数（Cd）值为12．35～71．88，平均27．96，工业区表层土壤重金属整体上属于重污染。