为给烤烟优质栽培提供科学依据，通过10年定位试验，研究了不同种植模式与施肥对烤烟产质量和养分利用的影响。结果表明：烤烟轮作＋有机无机配施的烟株发病率最低，烟叶产量和产值，比烤烟连作＋单施化肥分别提高13．53％和57．23％。在轮作＋有机无机配施处理烟株的氮、磷、钾吸收量显著高于连作＋单施化肥。植烟土壤中的有效养分呈单峰曲线变化，与烟株养分需要协调一致。经地下径流流失的氮、钾分别占施肥量的19．18％～26．54％和18．42％～23．41％，其中，硝态氮超过氮素流失量的98％。烤烟轮作＋有机无机配施的处理氮、钾流失量低于连作＋单施化肥处理。%The effects of different planting and fertilization patterns on yield,quality and nutrient utilization of flue-cured tobacco were studied by ten-year fixed test to provide the scientific basis for quality cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in Zunyi.The disease rate of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is minimum,but leaf yield and output value both are maximum,13.53% and 57.23% higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern respectively.N,P and K absorption amount of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern significantly because of its biomass increase.The effective nutrient components in soil represent a single peak trend,accord with nutrient demand of flue-cured tobacco plants,which may be one of causes to suitably cultivate flue-cured tobacco.The nitrate nitrogen loss amount exceeds 98% nitrogen loss amount in groundwater runoff.N and K loss amount in groundwater runoff accounts for 19.18%~26.54% and 18.42% ~ 23.41% of fertilization amount respectively,which indicates that massive loss of N and K fertilized in soil results in fertilizer waste and water pollution.In addition,N and k loss amount under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is lower.In conclusion,the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern and fertilization technique should be used and improved in cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.
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