实时实地氮肥管理技术对超级杂交稻产量和生理特性的影响

摘要

In order to explore the optimum nutrient management method of two-line super hybrid rice, this experiment was conducted with super hybrid rice “Y-Liangyou 1”to compare the effects of different nitrogen management on yield and physiology of super hybrid rice.Experimental results were as follows:1)The grain yield of super hybrid rice under site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM)increased by 35.7% and 11.9% compared to no N-application treatment and FFP,respectively.And the AEN of super hybrid rice was increased by 150.0% under SSNM than FFP.2 )Chlorophyll content,leaf nitrogen content and SOD of SSNM treatment were higher than FFP by 9.6%,9.3% and 7.9% respectively. Conclusion: SSNM treatment significantly enhanced the root activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate during grain filling stage,and improved the soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,nitrate reductase activity and superoxide dismutase activity of flag leaf at flowering.Then the yield was consequently enhanced.%为探索两系超级杂交稻的最佳养分管理措施，以 Y 两优1号为供试材料，比较不同氮肥管理对超级杂交稻产量和高产生理机理的影响。结果表明：1）实地氮肥管理（SSNM）处理的超级杂交稻产量达8900 kg／hm2，比对照（不施氮肥）和农民模式（FFP）分别提高35．7％和11．9％，氮肥的农学利用率比 FFP提高153．0％，SSNM 处理提高超级杂交稻的产量主要在于每穗粒数和结实率大幅度提高；2）叶绿素含量、叶片氮含量和超氧化物歧化酶 SSNM 处理比 FFP 模式分别提高9．6％、9．3％和7．9％。结论：SSNM 处理较 FFP 模式能提高灌浆期根系活力、剑叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率，改善齐穗期剑叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶的含量，从而提高超级杂交稻产量。