自由意志的生态意蕴与生态道德责任的生成

摘要

Free will is the precondition of moral responsibility.Traditional ethic theories discussed free will,responsibilities and obligations of human beings within the scope of human itself and between man and man only,hardly talked about the ecological moral responsibilities of nature.The foundation of free will lays on the harmonious relations between human itself and inherent nature of human,while,the fulf illment of free will depends on the harmonious relations between human and outer nature,that is,the formation and development of free will be related to nature inevitably.Freedom of nature harmony is the ultimate aim of free will,while,not only is the freedom the beginning and the end of human free will but also the human nature.Thus,the demonstration of free will which does not only provide legitimacy for human beings to transform nature but also provide appropriate moral and ecological ways to protect environment to form the foundation of ecological moral responsibilities.%自由意志是道德责任的前提。传统伦理学仅仅局限于在人类自身及人与人之间探讨人的自由意志及责任与义务问题,因而对自然的生态道德责任几乎无从谈起。自由意志的存在源于人自身与其内在自然的和谐,它的实现有赖于人与外在自然的和谐,即自由意志的生成与发展必然与自然相关。要实现最终的意志自由必然是自然和谐的自由;自由是人的自由意志的出发点和归宿点,也是人之为人的本质。证成自由意志具有生态性,不仅为人类改造自然界实践活动提供了合法性理由,也为保护自然环境提供道德合理性和生态正当性,从而成为生态道德责任的生成基础。