血钾紊乱心电图异常及临床意义

摘要

Objective To sum up the common electrocardiogram abnormalities for potassium disorder and explore its clinical significance. Methods Data of 78 patients with electrocardiogram abnormalities for potassium disorder confirmed by clinic were reviewed. Results In 69 patients with hypokalemia there were 56 cases with raise U wave in the electrocardiogram, 54 cases with extended Q-T interval, 41 cases with changed ST-T, and 46 cases with T wave changes, there were also 8 cases with arrhythmia. In the 9 cases with hyperkalemia, there were 6 cases with high, sharp and like tent T wave changes. 4 cases with broaden QRS wave, 3 cases with sinus bradycardia, 1 cases with Sinus-room conduction. Conclusion Electrocardiogram is an important measure in helping diagnosis of potassium disorder, supplying messages for clinician for correcting the potassium disorder, avoiding the happen of severe arrhythmia by potassium disorder.%　　目的总结血清钾离子紊乱的常见心电图异常并探讨其临床意义。方法回顾分析临床证实血清钾离子紊乱且有心电图异常的78例患者临床资料。结果69例低血钾患者U波增高者56例，Q-T间期延长者54例，ST-T改变41例，T波改变46例，另有8例患者出现心律失常。9例高血钾患者中6例出现高尖、帐篷状T波改变，4例QRS波明显增宽，3例患者出现窦性心动过缓，1例发生窦-室传导。结论心电图可作为诊断血钾紊乱的重要辅助手段，帮助临床医师及时纠正血钾紊乱、避免血钾紊乱引起的各种严重心律失常。