2010年某区城乡居民膳食营养状况的分析

摘要

Objective To study the status of diet and nourishment pattern among residents in fengtai District of Beijing City and provide scientiifc evidence for nutrition improvement and reasonable dietary guidance.Methods Total of 595 residents of 6 committees 180 households in Fengtai District of Beijing were interviewed during August 2010 to October, and a multi-stage cluster sampling strategy was used. A 24 -hour dietary recall method with condiments weighing method were chosen to collect all food intake information for 3 consecutive days. Calculate each standard man-day nutrition intake. The data were compared to the previous nutrition surveys done in 2002.Results The percentage of calories was 12.7% from protein, 35.4% from fat, 51.9% from carbohydrate, respectively, and the dietary conifguration was unreasonable in fengtai residents 2010. Residents per standard man-day energy, protein, fat intake were 1954.4 kcal, 61.7 g and 77.4 g. Vitamin A, thiamine, ribolfavin, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E intake were 415.3μg RE, 0.8 mg, 0.8 mg, 12.8 mg, 74.3 mg and 74.3 mg. Sodium, calcium,iron and zinc intake were 5576.7, 409.6, 22.1 and 9.7 mg.In addition to iron and vitamin E, sodium intake reach or exceed RNI/AI recommended levels, other nutrients intake were below the recommended level. Dietary nutrients intake status had a tendency to lower than in 2002. Conclusion The energy ratio of macronutrients was imbalanced among Fengtai adults, and the vast majority of vitamins and minerals intake were insufifcient. Related intervention strategies should be made for nutrition related diseases control and prevention.%目的：了解北京市丰台区居民膳食营养状况，为开展营养改善和合理膳食指导工作提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，2010年8月至2010年10月在丰台区抽取6个居委会180户居民共计595人，采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法与调味品称重法相结合的方法进行膳食调查。计算每标准人日营养素摄入量，并与2002年的营养调查资料进行比较分析。结果2010年北京市丰台区居民蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的供能比分别为12.7%，35.4%，51.9%，膳食结构不尽合理；居民每标准人日能量、蛋白质、脂肪摄入量分别为1954.4kcal、61.7g、77.4g，维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素C、维生素E摄入量分别为415.3μgRE、0.8mg、0.8mg、12.8mg、74.3mg和31.5mg，钠、钙、铁和锌摄入量分别为5576.7、409.6、22.1和9.7mg；除维生素E、钠和铁的摄入量达到或超过RNI/AI推荐水平外，其他营养素摄入量均低于推荐水平。膳食营养素摄入状况较2002年有降低趋势。结论丰台区居民宏量营养素供能比例不合理，绝大部分维生素、矿物质摄入不足，应制定相应的干预措施，控制和预防营养相关疾病的发生。