化学溶剂离子液体研究进展

摘要

Ionic liquids, as a class of excellent performance, versatile, safe and environmental protective new environment-friendly green solvents, have characteristics of low melting point, low vapor pressure, wide electrochemical window, adjustable acidity, strong solubility, high viscosity and density and so on, they possess attractive prospect in many fields. Easily recycled utilize, ionic liquids are mainly used to substitute for traditional organic solvents in chemical reactions, thereby reducing environmental pollution and improve both yield and selectivity. With more in-depth study, ionic liquids have been exploited and applied to many other fields. Ionic liquids in chemical reaction, separation and purification, electrochemical, catalysis synthesis and chemical industry application were reviewed, and research prospects were described.%离子液体作为一类性能优异、用途广泛、安全环保的新型环境友好的“绿色溶剂”，具有熔点低、蒸气压小、电化学窗口大、酸性可调及良好的溶解度、粘度和密度等特点，在很多领域有着诱人的应用前景。离子液体易于循环利用，在化学反应中主要用于替代传统的有机溶剂从而减少对环境的污染，并使产率和选择性得以提高。随着研究的日益深入，已经被开发和应用到诸多领域。文中对离子液体在化学反应、分离提纯、电化学、催化合成以及化工方面的应用研究进展进行了综述，并对该领域的研究前景作了展望。