In order to create new germplasm of Camellia oleifera,superior clones from two geographical prov-enances of "Cenruan" series and "Xianglin" series were hybridized as parents through artificial pollination. The main economic characteristics of hybrid fruits and the growth characteristics and heritability of F1 generation at seedling stage were studied. Results showed that the heritability of seedling height and ground diameter of the hybrid F1 generation was 0.821 5 and 0.828 5,respectively. It indicated that they were susceptible to genetic control and could be more stable. Compared with each trait,the two combinations of Cenruan 24×Xianglin 210 and Xianglin 210×Cenruan 2 had better performance,and the growth rates of seedlings were faster. The fruit setting rate and yield rate of Cenruan 24×Xianglin 210 were 82.50%and 52.5%,respectively,and the fresh seed rate was 50.45%. The fruit setting rate and yield rate of Xianglin 210×Cenruan 2 were 97.37%and 68.42%,respectively,and the single fruit weight and the single seed weight were the largest.%为了创制油茶新种质,以"岑软系列"和"湘林系列"2个地理种源的普通油茶(Camellia oleifera)优良无性系为亲本,进行人工控制授粉杂交试验,并对杂交果实的主要经济性状及F1代苗期的生长特性和遗传力进行研究.结果表明:杂交F1代苗高和地径的遗传力分别为0.821 5和0.828 5,受到较强的遗传控制,能够较为稳定的遗传;岑软24号×湘林210和湘林210×岑软2号2个组合综合表现良好,苗期生长速度均较快.岑软24号×湘林210的坐果率和成果率分别为82.50%和52.50%,鲜出籽率达50.45%;湘林210×岑软2号的坐果率和成果率分别达到97.37%和68.42%,单果重和单粒籽重最大.
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