夏季覆盖对油茶落果及产量相关指标影响

摘要

夏季高温干旱严重影响了油茶(Camellia oleifera)产量,通过对不同立地类型油茶进行不同材料覆盖研究,分析油茶落果及产量相关指标,结果表明:在红壤区对油茶覆盖遮阳网、在未垦区覆盖黑膜、在砂砾区覆盖白膜,油茶落果较少(落果率依次为8.93%、25.14%、0%);在红壤区和未垦区覆盖黑膜、在砂砾区覆盖谷壳,可以提高油茶单果重量(单果重依次为29.23、32.65、26.08 g);在红壤区覆盖木屑、在未垦区覆盖黑膜、在砂砾区覆盖白膜,茶果鲜出籽率较高(鲜出籽率依次为50.29%、47.32%、49.85%);在红壤区和未垦区覆盖黑膜、在砂砾区覆盖遮阳网,油茶茶籽重量较大(籽重依次为4.26、4.8、3.98 g);在红壤区覆盖黑膜、在未垦区覆盖谷壳、在砂砾区覆盖木屑,油茶茶籽含水量较低(茶籽含水量依次为43.8%、48.13%、43.02%);在红壤区覆盖黑膜茶籽出仁率较高(56.20%),在未垦区和砂砾区覆盖木屑可以提高茶籽出仁率(籽出仁率依次为62.3%、62.89%);在红壤区覆盖白膜、在未垦区覆盖黑膜、在砂砾区覆盖木屑,油茶仁出油率含量较高(出油率依次为48.37%、50.25%、52.42%).%High temperature and drought of summer seriously affected the production of Camellia oleifera. The C. oleifera was covered with different materials in different sites, and the fruit drop and yield-related indica-tors of C. oleifera were analyzed. Results showed that fruit drop could be reduced when C. oleifera was covered with sun-shade net in the red soil regions,with black film in uncultivated regions,and with white film in the gravel regions (drop rate was 8.93%,25.14%,0%,respectively);fruit weight could be increased when cov-ered with black film in the red soil and uncultivated regions and covered with chaff in gravel region (fruit weight was 29.23,32.65,26.08 g,respectively);the fresh seed rate was higher when covered with sawdust in red soil region, covered with black film in uncultivated region, covered with white film in gravel region (fresh seed rate was 50.29%,47.32%,49.85%,respectively);the seed weight was heavier when covered with black film in the red soil and uncultivated region, covered with sun-shade net in gravel region (seed weight was 4.26,4.8,3.98 g,respectively);the seed moisture content was lower when covered with black film in red soil region,covered with chaff in uncultivated region,and covered with sawdust in gravel region (seed moisture content was 43.8%,48.13%,43.02%,respectively);the seed kernel rate (56.20%) was higher when covered with black film in red soil region,and the seed kernel rate could be increased when cov-ered with sawdust in uncultivated region and gravel region (seed kernel rate was 62.3%,62.89%,respective- ly);the kernel oil content was higher when covered with white film in red soil region,and covered with black film in reclamation region, and covered with sawdust in gravel region (kernel oil content was 48.37%, 50.25%,52.42%,respectively) .