大规模的随意式充电必然给电力系统带来一定的负面影响，甚至会威胁到系统的安全性。为避免和解决这一问题，采用基于价格影响消费者行为的经济学理论，分析私家车的日常出行习惯、停车习惯、充电习惯，提出相应充电负荷响应矩阵，建立分时充电电价模型，研究充电负荷对充电电价的变化而产生的响应、不同种类电池的充电需求推算、在自主充电的行为下一天24 h中的日充电负荷分布等。通过实例分析，建议利用充电电价的变化对电动汽车充电行为进行引导，通过优化求解来减少大规模随意式的充电负荷给电力系统带来的负面影响；同时鼓励电动汽车车主调整充电时间，从而达到“削峰填谷”的新能源调度效果。%Large-scale random charging must result in negative effects on power system and seriously threaten system security indeed. In order to avoid and solve this problem,economics theory based on price affecting customer behavior was applied to analyze daily trip habit,park habit and charging habit of private car. Meanwhile,relevant charging load response matrix was proposed,time-sharing charging price model was established and studies on response of charging load with changes of charging prices,charging demands of different batteries and daily charging load distribution in 24 hours to autonomous char-ging premise were conducted. By means of example analysis,it was suggested to use changes of charging prices to guide char-ging behavior of the electric vehicle and reduce negative effects of large-scale random charging load on power system by opti-mization solution. In addition,electric vehicle owners were encouraged to adjust charging time for reach new energy dispatc-hing effects of peak load shaving.
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