地下水污染物溯源的数学模拟方法研究进展

摘要

China has to face up to the groundwater resource crisis and the deteriorating groundwater environment.Reinforcing the studies on groundwater pollution source identification (GPSI) could be an important support of contaminate removing, groundwater protecting, potable water security, and society and economy development.Exploring the new theory and method of GPSI could push the studies on ill-posed problems, and improve the techniques of contaminate removing.GPSI has been studied for thirty years, and a brief review is given to conclude the characteristics of GPSI problems.The mathematical simulation method could be classified into four types: simulation-optimization method, analytical and regression method, direct method, and stochastic method.Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, further researches may focus on more complex GPSI problem, expressing physical chemistry and biological process, improving GPSI modeling efficiency, and model uncertainty.%在当前我国地下水资源供需矛盾突出,地下水环境不断恶化的情况下,加强地下水污染物溯源的有关研究对于防治地下水污染、保护地下水资源、保障城乡居民饮水安全、保证经济和社会又好又快发展有着重要的实际意义.探索地下水污染物溯源的新理论和方法,在推动不适定问题的求解、不确定性研究,完善我国地下水污染理治技术与方法方面具有明显的理论意义.根据国外近三十年的研究成果,分析地下水污染物溯源问题的特点,将常用数学模拟方法归纳为模拟-优化法、解析和回归方法、直接法、随机理论法,讨论现有数学溯源方法的优缺点,认为应在复杂溯源问题、物理化学及生物作用的表达、模型计算效率和不确定性方面加强溯源数学方法的研究.