北京地区2014年冬季甲型流感151例中医证候调查分析

摘要

[Abstact] Objective To investigate the epidemiology and TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) Syndrome characteristics of patients infected with influenza A virus in Beijing in 2014 winter. Method 151 patients infected with influenza A virus were respectively observed during November 23,2014 to November 30, 2014 in Beijing. Epidemiological features and the characteristics of TCM syndromes were summarized. Results In 2014 winter, moderate- high fever, cold and fatigue were the most common symptoms. Cold-heat type was the major syndrome, accounted for 36. 4% . Followed with wind-heat type (23. 8% ) and pathogenic-heat invading lung type ( 23. 2% ). Wind-cold type only accounted for 6. 6% . And the proportion of cold-heat type could be up to 55% in patients who had underling diseases. Among those syn-dromes, wind-cold type and cold-heat type were more tend to combine with dampness, proportioned of 80. 0% and 54. 5% . Patients who visited hospital within 24 hours, syndromes above all could appear, with cold-heat type being dominant. Along with the development of the course, the proportion of pathogenic-heat invading lung type was increasing, while the others decreased. Conclusions At the beginning of influenza in Beijing in 2014 winter, exterior syndrome was prominent, and the major type was cold-heat. Patients with underling diseases were easier to see this type, this might be associated with constitution factors. Besides, patients of exterior cold were apt to combine with dampness. And the duration of exterior syndrome was very short. With the development of the course, pathogenic-heat invading lung type was in-creasing.%目的：探讨2014年北京地区冬季甲型流感病例的流行病学、中医证候学特点。方法采用横断面调查方法分析北京地区2014年11月23日至30日收集的151例甲型流感病例的流行病学特点，结合其中医证候学资料，总结中医证候分布规律。结果2014年甲型流感患者就诊时症状以中高度发热、咳嗽、乏力等症常见，证候以表寒里热证为主，占36.4%，而既往有基础病者表寒里热证比例高达55.0%。证候分布其次为风热犯表证、邪热郁肺证，分别占23.8%、23.2%，风寒束表证较少见，仅占6.6%。其中风寒束表证、表寒里热证更易兼夹湿邪，分别占80.0%、54.5%。发病24小时内就诊的患者上述四证均可见，以表寒里热证为主，随着病程发展，邪热郁肺证比例渐增，其它证候比例减少。结论北京地区2014年冬季甲型流感初起表证突出，以表寒里热证为主，既往有基础病者多见，可能与素体因素有关。流感有表寒证者易兼夹湿邪。流感邪气在表时间短暂，随着病程发展，邪热郁肺证多见。