三江平原湿地时空演变探究

摘要

Based on remote sensing and GIS technologies,the data of MSS imageries in 1975,TM imageries in 2000 and ETM imageries in 2015 is used to obtain the spatial distribution data of Sanjiang plain wetland by visual interpretation and supplementing field survey verification.Further study on the distribution features from 1975 to 2015 is carried out.Combined with the data of climate and precipitation,the authors analyze the influencing factors of wetland variation.The results show that before 2000,the total area of wetland reduced 8 426.81 km2,of which the swamp meadow wetland reduced most obviously,while the constructed wetland increased 6 939.87 km2.After 2000,the swamp meadow wetland dramatically reduced 2 794.24 km2,and the constructed wetland kept increasing.The landscape fragmentation of natural wetland increased,indicating that wetland distribution features were mainly influenced by human activities.%借助遥感、GIS技术,利用1975年MSS、2000年TM和2015年ETM数据,采用人工目视解译方法,辅助野外调查验证,得到三江平原湿地空间分布数据,进而研究1975年至2015年三江平原湿地的分布特征,并结合研究区气温和降水量数据对湿地变化的影响因素进行分析.研究结果表明:2000年以前,湿地减少的面积为8 426.81 km2,其中沼泽草甸湿地减少最为明显,人工湿地增加了6 939.87 km2.2000年以后,沼泽湿地变化依然剧烈,面积减少了2 794.24 km2.自然湿地破碎化程度加剧,人工湿地面积增加,受人类活动影响较大.