青海民和-海石湾-带土壤重金属异常态效应评价

摘要

采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染综合指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,定量评价了青海民和-海石湾-带土壤重金属异常元素的污染现状和异常区的潜在生态风险危害性,同时对研究区土壤重金属异常的生态效应进行了初步评价.结果表明:土壤重金属污染因子的高低顺序为Hg＞ Cd＞ Pb=Cr;主要异常元素的生物有效性排序为Cd＞Hg ＞Pb;异常元素的潜在生态危害性排列为Hg＞ Cd＞ Pb＞ Cr;在小麦、玉米等农作物样品中,尽管异常元素的含量远低于国家规定的粮食安全限制,但Hg的较高潜在生态危害性和Cd的高生物有效性,导致异常区内Hg、Cd的污染防治形势最为严峻.%In this paper, the pollution of anomalous elements in soil in Minhe-Haishiwan, Qinghai and its potential ecological hazard were evaluated quantitatively through single factor pollution index method, Nemerow pollution index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method. Additionally, the ecological effect in anomalous areas was also discussed. The results show that the pollution factors of heavy metals are in order of Hg > Cd > Pb = Cr in the soil. The bioavailability of the anomalous elements follows the sequence of Cd > Hg > Pb. The potential ecological hazard of anomalous elements was as follows; Hg > Cd > Pb > Cr. Although the concentration of anomalous elements in crops such as wheat and corn was far below the required food security limits, the situation of pollution control was still severe due to the high potential ecological hazard of Hg and high bioavailability of Cd.