基于ARX模型的地震资料提频方法

摘要

地层对地震波的吸收效应是限制地震数据分辨率的主要原因之一，其机制、估计与补偿对提高地震资料的分辨率具有重要意义。文中基于ARX模型，针对地层吸收过程进行逆向建模，将实际地面地震资料与井资料、井间地震资料分别作为模型的输入与输出，从而得到模型结构参数，建立地层吸收过程的逆向模型以进行高频信息补偿，达到地震资料的提频目的。对实际地震资料的处理结果表明，该方法可将主频提高10～15 Hz，频带拓宽8～10 Hz。在保侍原资料基本特征的同时，有效提高了地面地震资料的纵向分辨率。%Absorptive attenuation has always been one of the reasons for the limited resolution of the seismic data.The mechanism of the absorption in strata,the evaluation of the attenuation quantity and the compensation of the high frequency components are essential in the seismic resolution improvement.Based on ARX model,the authors simulated the reversion of the absorption process in strata by es⁃tablishing a numerical model with system identification technology.The low frequency data (the surface seismic data) and the high fre⁃quency data ( the well log data or the cross⁃well seismic data) are respectively set as the input and the output of the model,and then the structure parameters of the model can be obtained. The model in this paper can establish an interconnection between the conventional seismic data and the well log data,the cross⁃well data or the VSP data. It is shown by processing the practical data that the main fre⁃quency can be increased by 10~15 Hz,and the frequency band width can be expanded by 8~10 Hz.