基于相干和方差体识别断层的方法都是利用地震资料中的强信号，受地震资料分辨率的限制这些方法对断距较小的小断层无法准确识别。在地震资料中大型地质体的边界具有明显的反射特征，尺度较小的地质体如尖灭点、小断层等以绕射波或残留绕射的形式存在，能量较弱，被强反射所淹没。本方法利用平面波破坏滤波技术提取绕射波信息，该技术通过正则化反演迭代算法求取反射波倾角体，然后利用均值滤波的方法得到反射能量较强的平面波，将其从地震数据中去除，即可得到绕射波信息。利用绕射波信息则可以判断断层的发育程度及断裂系统组合样式。通过理论模型分析和实际资料应用验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。该方法具有一定的实际应用价值。%The methods based on coherent and variance are used to determine faults, which take advantage of the strong signals in seis⁃mic data;nevertheless they are limited by seismic resolution and hence fail to accurately identify small faults. In the seismic data, the boundary of large-sized geological body has obvious reflection characteristics. However, in the case of smaller geological bodies such as pinchouts and small faults, their weak reflection energy exists in the form of diffraction or residual diffraction, which is overwhelmed by the strong reflection. In this paper, plane wave destruction method is used to extract diffraction. The reflected wave angle body is calcu⁃lated using regularization iterative algorithm. And then the mean filter method is used to extract strong energy reflection, which is sub⁃tracted from seismic data to get the diffraction wave information. Using diffraction wave information, we can decide the development ex⁃tent and combination style of the faults. Theoretical model analysis and actual data application show that this method is practicable and effective in identifying faults. This method has a certain value for industrial application.
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