中国金矿集区及其资源潜力探讨

摘要

金矿是中国重要的战略矿种之一.由于其产出对时代、地层、构造甚至岩浆岩都没有特别的选择性而在中国广泛分布,但又具有空间分布不均匀的特点,通常某一种类型主要集中在某一区域,如花岗-绿岩型金矿主要集中在华北地台周缘,而卡林型金矿集中在滇黔桂和陕甘川两大金三角.根据这一特点,通过综合研究,本文在Ⅲ级成矿区带的基础上,重点考虑金矿类型、典型矿床成矿条件及其区域分布特征,参照区域成矿要素,初步划分出阿尔泰、准噶尔、东天山—北山等32个金矿集区,总结了各金矿集区的基本地质特征,重点分析了胶东、小秦岭、燕辽、滇黔桂4个金矿集区的成矿条件,总结了其成矿规律并探讨了各自的成矿潜力和找矿方向,并根据近年来金矿勘查的新进展,对今后找矿工作提出了建议.%Distributed nationwide for its special features, gold is one of the strategic mineral resources since the founding of the People' s Republic of China, and great achievements have been made in the exploration and exploitation of gold; especially since the last decade, many changes have taken place in the pattern of gold resources in whole China. On the basis of the locations of large gold deposits, new discoveries of large and superlarge gold deposits have been made and there have also been important expansions in the main mining areas. Generally speaking, great potentials of gold resource exist in China. Gold deposits in China can be classified into the gold deposits related to granite —greenstone formation, gold deposits related to sedimentary formation (including the vein gold deposits of Carlin type and those related to metamorphosed clastic rocks), volcanic rock gold deposits (including the continental and marine types), intrusion—related gold deposits (including gold deposits of porphyry type and those related to the inner—intrusion and contact zone), fracture zone—altered rock gold deposits, placer gold deposits, gossan type gold deposits and soil type gold deposits. Exploration should be carried out at the depth and in search for new types. In this paper, the authors summarized the characteristics of gold ore resources and preliminarily divided gold deposits into 32 large ore concentration areas in the light of magma, tectonic settings, stratigraphy, fluids, metallogenic ages and other factors in China. Meanwhile, based on the most recent progress and data obtained in recent years, this paper describes the four most important ore concentration areas with an analysis of their resource potentials.