生态地球化学是生态学和地球化学相结合的学科,研究自然界中化学、物理、地质和生物过程,以及这些过程之间的相互作用及其对生态系统发生、发展所产生的影响,具体而言生态地球化学通过化学物质在生态系统中的分布、分配、迁移、转化规律研究,评价生态系统状态及发展方向.生态地球化学虽然形成较晚,西方科学家甚至很少用“生态地球化学”这一名词,但国内外都已取得了长足进展,形成了以生态地球化学填图为基础,生态安全和健康评价为目的的多个独立生态系统的生态地球化学研究方向,如城市生态地球化学、湿地生态地球化学等.山地是陆地最主要的地貌单元,具有独特的生态系统特性,国内外山地生态地球化学研究尚未系统开展,但在山地元素地球化学、生物地球化学和生态地球化学评价等方面均已有相当显著的成果,今后山地生态地球化学研究在加强理论研究的同时,要注重建立完善的方法体系、研究体系和生态效应评价体系,为山地生态地球化学预警和生态保护、恢复提供依据.%Ecogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that combines ecology and geochemistry. Ecogeochemistry involves in the studies of chemical, physical, geological and biological process and their interactions which control the ecosystem and its environment evolutions. In particular, ecogeochemistry is to describe and assess the state and development direction of ecosystem based on the study of the rule of chemical matters' distribution, allocation, transportation and transformation in the ecosystem. Although the history of ecogeochemistry is relative short and scientists from western countries even seldom use the word "ecogeochemistry", great progresses in this discipline have been achieved in the past decades. Several special ecogeochemistrical directions, such as urban ecogeochemistry, wetland ecogeochemistry and so on, has developed on the purpose of assessment of ecosystem safety and health, based on the ecogeochemistry mapping. Mountain is the major geomorphological unit and possesses the unique ecological characteristics. The ecogeochemistry in mountain region has not been systemically launched, although a large amount of achievements have been obtained in element geochemistry, biogeochemistry and ecogeochemical assessment. For the further work in ecogeochemistry in mountain region, more theoretical research should be propelled; meanwhile impeccable method system, research system and assessment system should be established.
展开▼
