福建冬种马铃薯氮磷钾施肥指标研究

摘要

This paper established a fertilization index of N, P and K for wintertime potato based on 110 field experiments on the fertilizer efficiencies of N, P and K in main produce areas of Fujian in recent years. Results showed that applied NPK fertilizers may get significant increasing yield that were by 29. 4% , 12. 8% and 19. 1% respectively, and theirs average efficiencies was N>K>P. There were linear relationship between yield of CK and yield of balanced fertilization. High yield critical value of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N, Olsen-P and available K were 261 mg · kg-1 、 55 mg · kg-1 and 123 mg · kg-1 respectively. Economic application rate on potato were N225 kg · hm-2、 P2O588 kg · hm-2and K2O 198 kg · hm-1 on average respectively. However, the optimum application rates in different soil fertility grades were different. Relationship between soil available NPK testing value and optimum application rate satisfied exponential model and the model realized intention that fertilization recommendation for plot according to soil testing. 28 comparative trials showed that average increasing yield was by 8. 3% and net income was by 1429 Yuan · hm-1 in recommendation fertilization compared with farmers practice. The results provided scientific foundation for highly effective fertilization on wintertime potato production in Fujian.%根据110个氮磷钾肥效试验结果,建立冬种马铃薯氮磷钾施肥指标体系.结果表明,氮磷钾平均增产率分别为29.4％、12.8％和19.1％,均达显著水平；马铃薯空白区产量与平衡施肥产量之间存在显著水平的线性关系；土壤速效氮磷钾的高产临界指标分别为碱解氮261 mg·kg-1、Olsen-P 55 mg·kg-1和速效钾123mg·kg-1；经济施肥量平均为N225 kg·hm-2、P2O5 88 kg·hm-2、K2O 198 kg· hm-2,但不同土壤肥力等级的经济施肥量有一定差异；土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾含量与氮磷钾推荐施肥量之间的回归方程满足指数函数关系,根据土测值和建立的回归方程可推算具体地块的推荐施肥量.28个大区对比试验表明,推荐施肥平均增产8.3％,净增收为1429元·hm-2.