不同地形发育冷浸田水稻施肥响应特征

摘要

Field tests were conducted on the typical cold-waterlogged paddy fields (CWPF) developed from different landforms in Minhou ,Fujian to study the effect of fertilization on rice productivity ,as well as the differences among the paddy fields . The results showed that the rice yield increased with fertilization by 76.5% for the CWPF in the mountain ridge area ,57.6% for the yellow paddy field in the mountain ridge area ,59.0% for CWPF in the flat paddy area , and 43.5% for the grey paddy field in the flat area , as compared to the control . The rate of contribution to the productivity by the soil in CWPF was 6.8 - 7.0 percentage points lower than that of the non-cold-waterlogged paddy fields (NCWPF) .But the fertilizer agronomy efficiency of CWPF was 0.1 - 3.2 kg grain per kg fertilizer higher than that of the NCWPF . The grain yield increase due to fertilization of CWPF was 15.5 -18.9 percentage points higher than that of NCWPF . With or without fertilization ,the nutritional content of the grains harvested from CWPF was higher than that of NCWPF . The contribution rate of CWPF soil was lower than that of the soils from NCWPF . However , the effect of fertilization was significantly greater on CWPF than NCWPF . And ,fertilization was more likely to increase the production on CWPF than NCWPF . The sensitivity of CWPF in the mountain ridge area to the fertilization was better than that of NCWPF in the flat paddy area .%以福建闽侯典型冷浸田为例，通过田间试验，研究不同地形发育的冷浸田与非冷浸田水稻施肥响应特性及其差异。结果表明，施肥处理的山垅冷浸田、山垅黄泥田、平洋冷浸田、平洋灰泥田水稻籽粒产量分别比不施肥处理提高76.5％、57.6％、59.0％、43.5％，增产均达显著差异水平。冷浸田的基础地力贡献率比相应的非冷浸田低6.8～7.0个百分点，但施肥农学效率比相应的非冷浸田每千克肥料提高0.1～3.2 kg 籽粒产量。冷浸田施肥产量增幅较相应的非冷浸田提高15.5～18.9个百分点。不论施肥与否，冷浸田水稻籽粒养分总体高于相应的非冷浸田，但淀粉含量低于相应的非冷浸田。冷浸田基础地力贡献率低于非冷浸田，但施肥增产效应明显高于非冷浸田，其改造增产潜力较大。山垅冷浸田的施肥敏感性要高于平洋冷浸田。