珍珠蚌5个群体不同阶段生长性能及外部形态变异分析

摘要

Hyriopsis cumingii including breeding population F4,Wuyi cultured population,wild populations from Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake,as well as H.schlegelii population were collected,and were bred synchronously.In this paper,1 and 2 year-old mussel growth performance of 5 groups offspring were analyzed,and three multivariation analysis methods (cluster analysis,principal component analysis and diseriminant analysis) were used to comparably investigate the morphological variations among the five populations.The results showed that the growth performances of five strains,from high to low were: the strain of H.schlegelii,the selected strain,the Poyang Lake strain,Dongting Lake strain,and the cultured strain.The correlations for the growth indices were extremely significant,and the degrees of association with body quality,from large to small,were: the shell length,shell width and shell height.At 1 year-old,the impact of pearl mussel body mass index (BMI) mainly affected the shell length,and at 2-years old,the BMI mainly affected the shell length and shell width.The shell width and body mass correlation increased in the late pearl mussels,and the shell height and body mass correlation was significantly reduced.Three kinds of multivariate analysis showed that the external morphology of 1 year-old strain of H.schlegelii,the Poyang Lake strain,the Dongting Lake strain and the cultured strain were very similar,whereas the external morphology of the selected strain varied significantly compared with the other four strains.%采用温室大棚早繁技术,获得三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)选育群体、武义养殖群体、鄱阳湖、洞庭湖野生群体,池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)养殖群体的子代,对1龄和2龄蚌的生长性能进行分析,并利用三种多元统计分析方法对1龄蚌外部形态变异进行了研究.结果显示:珍珠蚌 5 个群体的养殖性能由高到低为:池蝶蚌群体>选育群体>鄱阳湖群体>洞庭湖群体>养殖群体.生长指标之间存在显著相关性,与体质量相关程度由大到小为:壳长、壳宽和壳高.1龄时,影响珍珠蚌体质量的生长指标主要为壳长,2龄时,为壳长和壳宽.珍珠蚌生长后期壳宽对体重的影响比重加大,壳高与体重的相关性降低.三种多元分析结果显示,1龄时,池蝶蚌群体与鄱阳湖群体、洞庭湖群体以及养殖群体的外部形态存在较大的相似性,综合判别率较低,选育群体外部形态较前四者存在明显差异.