林火扑救队伍跟踪及护林员巡护管理系统研究

摘要

针对林火火情复杂、容易导致扑救人员伤亡的情况，基于GPS（Global Positioning System，全球定位系统）技术、嵌入式系统开发技术和GIS（Geographic Information System，地理信息系统）开发技术，研究并开发出林火扑救队伍跟踪及护林员巡护监督系统。该系统由两部分组成，一是扑火队伍和护林员随身携带的前端跟踪器，它能实时精确地采集扑火队伍的位置，并将编号等其他信息组帧后，通过GSM（Global System for Mobile Communication，全球移动通信系统）网络的SMS（Short Message Service，短消息服务）通道回传；二是后台跟踪监督管理系统，通过回传的数据，在地形图、遥感图像等底图上生成扑火队伍和护林员的位置标记及活动轨迹。最终形成的系统可为扑火指挥人员和林区日常管理人员提供准确的信息参考。该系统解决了以往设计方法中跟踪器通信距离短或不稳定、可携带性差等问题，同时在后台跟踪监督管理系统中设置了电子围栏功能，为实现扑火队伍的自动安全警示、对林区日常巡护工作的自动监督提供一种方法。%In response to the fact that complex forest fire can easily lead to casualties and injuries of fire suppression personnel, the fire suppression team tracking and ranger patrol supervision system has been under research and realized, based on the GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, the embedded system technology and GIS (Geographic Information System) technology development. The system consists of two parts. The first part is the front-end tracker that fire suppression team and rangers keep with. It can accurately in real time collect positions of the fire suppression team. After framing other information including serial numbers, it feeds back the information through the SMS(Short Message Service) of the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) network. The second part is the back tracking and supervision management system. It can generate the location markers and trajectory of their activities in base maps including topographic maps, remote sensing images, and others based on the feedback data. The system thus formed can provide accurate reference information for fighting command personnel and daily forest management personnel. The system overcomes problems such as short communication range, communication instability, and poor portability of the previous designs. Meanwhile, electronic fence function has been devised into the back tracking supervision, furnishing a means to automatic safety warning and automatic supervision of daily ranger patrol.