[目的]准确了解石斛兰花芽分化规律,研究不同的温度处理对春石斛兰花芽分化和发育的影响,为石斛兰的花期调控提供技术支持.[方法]采用石蜡切片法观察了石斛兰(Dendrobium Spring Snow)花芽的形态发生和结构发育过程,研究了26/21℃、22/17℃、18/13℃处理条件下花芽分化和发育的差异性.[结果]研究表明:石斛兰花芽分化过程可分为7个时期:休眠期、萌动期、花序原基分化期、花蕾原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、合蕊柱分化期.在高温26/21℃处理条件下,石斛兰不能进行花芽分化,22/17℃处理条件下,需要56 d才能完成花芽分化,在18/13℃条件下,35 d能够完成花芽分化.[结论]持续足够时间的低温是花芽分化的关键,萌动期是一个对温度高度敏感的时期,此时至少经历2周的低温,能够形成花芽,经历高温,则形成高芽.花芽形成后温度高有利于花芽的发育.%[Objective]To understand the rule of Dendrobium flower bud differentiation and study the effects of temperature treatment on flower bud differentiation and development, so as to provide technical support for the regulation of Dendrobium flowering.[Method] The process of flower bud differentiation and development was observed by the method of paraffin cut and the difference was studied under the conditions of 26/21℃, 22/17℃ and 18/13℃.[Result] The results showed that the flower bud differentiation process could be divided into 7 phases: dormant phase, germination phase, inflorescence primordium differentiation phase, flower differentiation phase, sepal differentiation phase, petal differentiation phase, and column differentiation phase.Flower bud differentiation of Dendrobium could not happen under the high temperature of 26/21℃, it could complete the flower bud differentiation under 22/17℃ in 56 days, and under 18/13℃ in 35 days.[Conclusion] The key to the flower bud differentiation is the the duration of low temperature.The germination phase is highly sensitive to temperature, which will form flower bud after experiencing at least 2 weeks' low temperature, otherwise forming high bud.After flower bud differentiation, higher temperature is advantageous to the development of flower bud.
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