优良种质是榛子产业发展的基础,传统的平榛生产已从野生采摘、粗放经营向采用优良类型采种圃的种子进行育苗、标准化垦复管理的方向发展.平欧杂种榛的育种成功,结束了我国没有栽培种的历史,开启了我国榛子产业发展的新时代.目前,已经基本明确了平欧杂种榛主要品种的特性及其适生区域.生产上普遍采用的是绿枝直立压条育苗方法,嫩枝扦插和组培育苗技术也取得了成功并开始应用于生产.平欧杂种榛‘平欧28号’、‘平欧33号’、‘平欧62号’、‘达维’等品种具有极强的抗抽条能力,‘平欧21号’、‘平欧33号’、‘平欧545号’、‘辽榛4号’、‘平欧237号’、‘辽榛8号’等品种具有很强的耐盐碱能力.榛树具有自交不亲和现象,但目前尚没有专用授粉品种,建立榛子园需要选配几个既能亲和、又能花期相遇的不同品种进行相互授粉.榛树栽培施肥方面的研究较少,今后应结合土壤养分含量、树体营养状况、生理需肥时期、树体负载量等多因素制定施肥方案.树形选择应综合考虑栽植区域的气候、土地类型、管理方式等特点选用单干树型或丛状树形.平欧杂种榛以1年生中长枝结果为主,修剪时要依据这些特性制定技术方案.有害生物防治是榛子生产的主要问题,本着预防为主的原则,加强有害生物危害规律的研究,大力推行生物防治.%The traditional hazelnut production has changed from wild picking,extensive management toward the direction of seed breeding by the superior type of seed nursery and under standardized cultivation.The successful breeding of Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla Fisch.× Corylus avellana L.) ends the history of no cultivated species and opens a new era for the development of hazelnut industry in China.At present,the characteristics of main varieties of Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut and their suitable regions have been identified.Commonly used propagation method is mound layering of the green suckers.Softwood cutting and tissue culture seedling technology have also been successful used in practice.Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut varieties'Ping'ou 28','Ping'ou 33','Ping'ou 62'and'Dawei'have very strong ability of shriveling resistance.The varieties'Ping'ou 21','Ping'ou 33','Ping'ou 545','Liaozhen 4','Ping'ou 237'and'Liaozhen 8'have strong ability of saline-alkali tolerance.Hazel shows self-incompatibility,and no special pollination species of Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut has been found until now.To establish a hazelnut plantation,several compatible and same anthesis varieties should be selected for mutual pollination.There are few studies on the fertilization of hazel cultivation.In the future,the fertilization plan should be made according to the factors such as soil nutrient content,tree nutrition status,fertilizer-requirement period and bearing amount of tree,etc.Single-trunk or bush shape could be selected according to the climate conditions of the planting area,the land types,labor and mechanical management system.Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut has a habit of bearing mainly on the one-year-old middle-long branches,so pruning technical solutions should based on these characteristics.Pest control is an important problem in hazelnut production,so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the pest's damaging regularity,and promote biological control.
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