景观破碎化是生物多样性下降的主要原因之一，景观破碎化已成为保护生物学和生态学的中心问题之一。通常以岛屿生物地理学、异质种群生物学和景观生态学的理论来解释景观破碎化的生态学效应。以往研究表明，生境破碎化对动物适合度造成严重影响。文章通过综合文献，论述景观破碎化对动物适合度的影响，分析影响动物适合度的各项指标，包括物种生存能力，繁殖能力和子代存活能力。同时探讨研究中存在的问题，为物种的保护提出建议，并指出今后研究的主要方法、亟待解决的问题和研究热点。%As one of major factors attributed to the loss of biodiversity , landscape fragmentation has be-come one of central issues in conservation of biology and ecology .Theories of island biogeography , meta-population and landscape ecology have been taken to mainly explain effects of landscape fragmentation , some research shows that habitat fragmentation has mainly changed the fitness of animals .In this paper , by using comprehensive literature , the impact of the landscape fragmentation on fitness of animals has been discussed , and each factor including species , viability , reproductive ability and offspring viability also been analyzed .Study also discussed the problems , and addressed recommendations for the species protection , the methods of future research and research focus .
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