我国鲟鱼养殖设施的现状与发展对策

摘要

Starting in 1990s, sturgeon aquaculture in China is relatively short in terms of history, with facility aquaculture foundations being very week, and researches into cultivation models still in its infancy. Sturgeon aquaculture is dominated by extensive culturing patterns and is subject to such factors as geography and weather, which has limited the sustainable development of this industry. This paper briefly described the cultured species in sturgeon facility aquaculture, compared the advantages and disadvantages of flowing water culture, cage culture and recirculating culture modes, analyzed the technological processes, facilities and technical points during sturgeon farming, pointed out the problems existing in sturgeon facility aquaculture, and summarized the developing strategies for sturgeon culture, pointing out the development direction for sturgeon industry.%我国鲟鱼养殖始于20世纪90年代，其人工养殖的历史较短，并且设施化养殖基础薄弱，养殖模式研究尚处于起步阶段。鲟鱼的养殖方式仍以粗放型养殖模式为主，易受地域、天气等因素的影响，限制了该产业的可持续发展。文中简述了我国鲟鱼设施化养殖的种类，对比了鲟鱼流水养殖、网箱养殖和工厂化循环水养殖的优缺点，详细分析了鲟鱼设施化养殖的工艺流程及养殖过程中使用的设施设备，阐述了设施化养殖的技术要点，指出了目前鲟鱼设施化养殖过程中存在问题，总结了鲟鱼设施化养殖的对策，明确了今后鲟鱼产业的发展方向。