尾巨桉不炼山造林技术与增产效益分析

摘要

Research on establishment ofEucalyptus urophylla ×E. grandiswithout burning in the site preparation regime showed that: non-burning site preparation for plantation establishment resulted in 58 t·hm-2 of logging slash remaining in situ to provide organic fertilizer. At 1.5 years, average DBH and tree height was the same as plantations established with burning in the site preparation regime. At 5.5 years, average DBH and tree height, individual volume, and also stand accumulation were higher with non-burning site preparation compared to site preparation with burning, but the differences were not significant. Afforestation survival rates achieved following site preparation with non-burning were lower than those achieved with burning in the site preparation regime. Labor costs for non-burning site preparation and establishment were 30.7% to 42.1% higher than when using burning in the site preparation regime, due to logging slash removal costs of RMB 21.0 to 28.8 yuan per ton. At 5.5 years, increased volume production with afforestation involving non-burning site preparation resulted in a 2.8 to 3.8 fold increase in income. In order to promote theE. urophylla ×E. grandis non-burning mountain afforestation, seven key technologies need to be focused on.%尾巨桉不炼山造林技术研究表明：不炼山造林可使58 t·hm-2(鲜重)采伐剩余物逐步转化为有机肥，造林当年可郁闭成林；1.5 a时，平均胸径、平均树高基本与炼山造林持平；5.5 a时，平均胸径、平均树高、单株材积和林分蓄积均高于炼山造林，但未达到显著差异，保存率低于炼山造林，主要原因为林木后期生长快，导致风折风倒。不炼山造林人工费比炼山造林增加30.7%~42.1%，采伐剩余物保留成本21.0~28.8元t·-1。5.5 a时，因增产而增收的是营林成本增加的2.8~3.8倍。推广尾巨桉不炼山造林应重点抓好7个关键技术环节。