中石油东部炼油企业设备腐蚀与控制现状

摘要

针对原油炼化过程中对设备与管道造成的腐蚀破坏作用,分析了主要腐蚀性介质单质硫、硫化氢、环烷酸及HCl+H2S+H2O体系的来源、形成机制、腐蚀机理,介绍了中石油东部七个石化企业所加工原油的含硫、含盐和含酸情况,依据炼油流程分别对比阐述了这些企业的原油脱盐脱水、常减压蒸馏、催化裂化、加氢裂化、延迟焦化和其他流程中主要设备和管道的腐蚀与控制现状,并提出了中石油炼化企业和相关的研究机构今后在这方面的研究与应用方向.%In allusion to corrosion damage effects of crude oil refining on equipment and pipeline,source,formation mechanism and corrosion mechanism of elemental sulfur,hydrogen sulfide,naphthenic acid and HCl + H2S + H2O system were analyzed;situations of sulfur,salt and acid content in processing crude oil of the seven eastern petrochemical enterprises were introduced.According to the oil refining process,corrosion and control situations of main equipment and pipeline in crude oil desalting and dewatering,atmospheric and vacuum distillation,catalytic cracking,hydrocracking,delayed coking,and other process were compared respectively;direction of research and application in this respect for the oil refining enterprises and related research institutions was proposed.