The anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR),combining the advantages of anaerobic process and membrane filtration technology,has the advantages of low sludge production, good treatment efficiency, strong shock resistance and low energy cost. It has been paid more and more attention in the field of wastewater treatment especially for the treatment of high organic concentration wastewater. However, membrane fouling is a key factor that influences the economy and stability of this technology. Nowadays the major researches are about the cause of membrane fouling and its control methods. As for the membrane fouling control, the main ways are optimizing operation conditions and changing membrane surface morphology, but there are fewer researches about the way of changing internal configuration of AnMBR. The membrane fouling control ways of gas scouring, liquid scouring, rotating membrane modules and vibration of membrane are presented. What's more, the advantages and disadvantages of each way are summarized and they are compared with each other in order to select suitable for membrane fouling control in practice. Besides, the suggestions of further studies are proposed, which is benefit to the application prospect of AnMBR in future.%厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)结合了厌氧生物技术和膜过滤技术的优点，不仅污泥产量低、出水效果好、耐冲击负荷高，且可节省能源，在处理高浓度有机废水过程中由于其独特的优势而备受亲睐。膜污染问题一直是影响AnMBR经济性和稳定性的关键因素，目前关于膜污染的研究主要集中在膜污染的成因及控制方法上。膜污染的控制多采用优化操作运行条件和改变膜的表面形态等方法来实现，关于通过改变反应器内部构型来对膜污染进行控制的研究相对较少。综述了气流、液流冲刷膜表面，反应器中安装旋转膜组件以及采用膜振动等几个缓解厌氧膜生物反应器中膜污染的方法，总结了这些方法优点与不足之处，并从不同的角度加以比较，并在此基础上对今后膜污染控制方式的研究方向提出建议，有利于在实际应用中选取适宜的膜污染控制方式，拓展厌氧膜生物反应器应用前景。
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