农业区域战略环境影响评价中生态风险评价指标体系研究

摘要

The research area of ecological risk assessment rises and develops gradually in recent years.Its emergence adapts to changes in the objectives and concepts of environmental governance during the 1980s.Ecological risk assessment evaluates the ecosystem or its component risks.The current instances of main risk assessments are heavy metal pollution of water and soil ecosystem,biotechnology ecological risk assessment,urbanization and ecological risk assessment and so on,but evaluation on ecological risks of agro-ecosystems is rare.Agriculture plays a decisive role in economy.Therefore,the evaluation of farmland ecological risks has a very important theoretical and practical significance.This paper described the characteristics of agro-ecosystems and proposed the general ideas of risk evaluation index system for agricultural ecosystem.Through the system analysis,a risk assessment system for agro-ecosystems was built.%生态风险评价是近几年逐渐兴起并不断发展的一个研究领域。它的产生适应于20世纪80年代环境治理目标和环境治理观念的转变。生态风险评价是对生态系统或其组分受到的风险进行评价。目前的研究实例主要有重金属污染对水域及土壤生态系统的风险评价,生物技术带来的生态风险评价,城镇化生态风险评价等,但是很少见到对农业生态系统的生态风险评价。农业在其经济中具有举足轻重的地位,因此对其农田生态风险进行评价,具有非常重要的理论及现实意义。本论文对农业生态系统的特点进行了叙述,提出了农业生态系统的风险评价指标体系的总体思路,再通过系统分析,最终构建了适合农业生态系统的风险评价指标体系。