高效的监管是确保生态补偿充分发挥效应的重要条件,文章以国家重点生态功能区转移支付为例,对常用的激励诱导和惩罚两种生态补偿监管方式进行比较分析,以找出不同条件下最优化的生态补偿监管方式.文章构建了满足激励相容条件和参与约束条件的激励诱导和惩罚两种监管方式的最优化模型,求出最优化的激励诱导强度和监管强度;随后对最优化条件下两种监管方式得到的最大化效用进行比较分析,找出了监管部门最优选择的监管成本临界值,结果表明,当惩罚机制下监管成本高于临界值时,激励诱导机制更有利,而当监管成本低于临界值时,惩罚机制更有利.%Effective regulation is an important condition to ensure the ecological compensation plays a full role. In this paper, transfer payment of the national key ecological function zone is taken as an example, and compensation regulation modes of incentive and punishment are comparatively analyzed so as to find out the most optimized ecological compensation regulation method under different conditions. The most optimized models of incentive and punishment are constructed, meeting the incentive compatibility and participation constraint conditions. Moreover, the optimized incentive strength and the regulation strength are found out. Then, the maximal utility of the two regulation methods in the best conditions is comparatively analyzed, and critical values of the regulatory costs for prior choice by the regulation administrations are found out. The results show that the incentive mechanism is more favorable when the regulation cost is higher than the critical value under the punishment mechanism, while the punishment mechanism is more favorable when the regulation cost is lower than the critical value.
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