表面活性剂对土壤中石油污染物的解吸

摘要

采用4种表面活性剂解吸老化石油污染土壤中的污染物,对其解吸动力学特征及残油组分进行了分析.实验结果表明:在表面活性剂质量浓度相同(0.5 g/L)条件下,土壤中石油污染物解吸率的大小顺序为十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)＞曲拉通X-100 (TX-100)＞吐温-80 (TW-80)＞十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS);SDS的解吸率最高,经48 h累积解吸后土壤中石油污染物的解吸率为38.7％;表面活性剂对石油污染物的解吸动力学曲线用Elovich方程拟合,效果最好,相关系数为0.970 2～0.995 6;非离子表面活性剂(TX-1 00、TW-80)对石油污染物中饱和烃组分的解吸率优于阴离子表面活性剂(SDS、SDBS),而对芳香烃组分的解吸率不如阴离子表面活性剂.%Four types of surfactants were used to desorb pollutants in aged oil contaminated soils,and their desorption kinetics and residual oil components were also studied.The experimental results showed that:Under the same mass concentration of surfactant (0.5 g/L),the order of desorption rate of petroleum pollutants from soil was sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)＞ Triton X-100 (TX-100)＞ Tween-80 (TW-80)＞ sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS);Among them,the desorption rate by SDS was the highest,which reached to 38.7％ after 48 h of desorption;The desorption kinetics curves of petroleum pollutants by the 4 surfactants fitted the Elovich equation well with 0.970 2-0.995 6 of correlation coefficient;The desorption rates of saturated hydrocarbon components in petroleum contaminants by nonionic surfactants (TX-100,TW-80)were superior to those by anionic surfactants (SDS,SDBS),while the desorption rates of aromatic hydrocarbon components by nonionic surfactants were less than those by anionic surfactants.