随着全球变暖及工业污染排放的蔓延式发展,由空气污染带来的区域能见度恶化越来越成为中国东部经济发达地区所面临的严重区域性问题,常出现大范围的雾霾天气,造成区域空气质量的恶化及能见度水平的下降.基于对能见度及相对湿度、颗粒物浓度和组分的观测分析及影响能见度的相对湿度和空气污染因子的理论分析,提出了环保范畴内的霾污染概念,并制定了包括能见度、颗粒物浓度及其组分的上海市霾污染判别指标体系,基于颗粒物组分观测数据,对相对湿度因子进行了参数化.根据所提出的指标体系,通过上海市某点位一年观测数据的跟踪分析发现,根据霾污染判别指标体系计算得到的霾污染天数与气象学意义上的霾天数具有很好的对应关系,且新的判别指标体系能很好地区分霾污染和浮尘过程.%With the global warming and the overspreading of industrial pollutant emissions, regional visibility deterioration caused by air pollution is becoming a more and more serious problem in the more developed eastern China. Regional air quality and visibility become worse with the large-scale fog and haze frequently occurred. Based on the monitoring data of visibility, relative humidity (RH), particle concentration and particle speciation, combined with theoretic analysis of RH and air pollutants which affect visibility, we proposed the concept of haze pollution of the environmental category and established the haze pollution index system for Shanghai which included visibility, particle mass concentration and its chemical speciation. The RH factor was parameterized based on the monitoring data of particle speciation. Through analyzing one-year monitoring data on one site in Shanghai, we found that the haze pollution days calculated from haze pollution identification index system had good corresponding relation to that from meteorological category. The new established identification index system could recognize haze pollution and dust floating perfectly.
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